## Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Hydrodynamic Theory

Computational Fluid Dynamics is based on the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and chemical species. Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) is based on:

- Maxwell's equations and further relations

- Material relations for polarization (permittivity), conductivity, and magnetization (permeability).

The interaction of CEM and CFD is through body forces that result due to interactions between electromagnetic fields and fluid motion.

Electromagnetic hydrodynamics is available to enable the modeling of:

- The electric potential for conducting materials (including magnetic induced currents)

- User-defined volumetric, point, and boundary sources

- Resistive heating in energy equations

- Conjugate transfer between fluid and solid domains

- Variable electrical conductivity (via CEL).

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