function isCompatible(){if(navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE')!==-1&&parseFloat(navigator.appVersion.split('MSIE')[1])<6){return false;}return true;}var startUp=function(){mw.config=new mw.Map(true);mw.loader.addSource({"local":{"loadScript":"//bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikibooks.org/load.php","apiScript":"/w/api.php"}});mw.loader.register([["site","1347062400",[],"site"],["noscript","1347062400",[],"noscript"],["startup","1349863375",[],"startup"],["filepage","1347062400"],["user.groups","1347062400",[],"user"],["user","1347062400",[],"user"],["user.cssprefs","1349863375",["mediawiki.user"],"private"],["user.options","1349863375",[],"private"],["user.tokens","1347062400",[],"private"],["mediawiki.language.data","1349840932",["mediawiki.language.init"]],["skins.chick","1349098098"],["skins.cologneblue","1349098098"],["skins.modern","1349098098"],["skins.monobook","1349098098"],["skins.nostalgia","1349098098"],["skins.simple","1349098098"],["skins.standard","1349098098"],["skins.vector",
"1349098098"],["jquery","1349821606"],["jquery.appear","1349098098"],["jquery.arrowSteps","1349098098"],["jquery.async","1349098098"],["jquery.autoEllipsis","1349098098",["jquery.highlightText"]],["jquery.badge","1349098098"],["jquery.byteLength","1349098098"],["jquery.byteLimit","1349098098",["jquery.byteLength"]],["jquery.checkboxShiftClick","1349098098"],["jquery.client","1349098098"],["jquery.collapsibleTabs","1349098098"],["jquery.color","1349098098",["jquery.colorUtil"]],["jquery.colorUtil","1349098098"],["jquery.cookie","1349098098"],["jquery.delayedBind","1349098098"],["jquery.expandableField","1349098098",["jquery.delayedBind"]],["jquery.farbtastic","1349098098",["jquery.colorUtil"]],["jquery.footHovzer","1349098098"],["jquery.form","1349098098"],["jquery.getAttrs","1349098098"],["jquery.highlightText","1349098098",["jquery.mwExtension"]],["jquery.hoverIntent","1349098098"],["jquery.json","1349098098"],["jquery.localize","1349098098"],["jquery.makeCollapsible","1349836882"],[
"jquery.mockjax","1349098098"],["jquery.mw-jump","1349098098"],["jquery.mwExtension","1349098098"],["jquery.placeholder","1349098098"],["jquery.qunit","1349098098"],["jquery.qunit.completenessTest","1349098098",["jquery.qunit"]],["jquery.spinner","1349098098"],["jquery.jStorage","1349098098",["jquery.json"]],["jquery.suggestions","1349222057",["jquery.autoEllipsis"]],["jquery.tabIndex","1349098098"],["jquery.tablesorter","1349838004",["jquery.mwExtension"]],["jquery.textSelection","1349098098",["jquery.client"]],["jquery.validate","1349098098"],["jquery.xmldom","1349098098"],["jquery.tipsy","1349098098"],["jquery.ui.core","1349098098",["jquery"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.widget","1349098098",[],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.mouse","1349098098",["jquery.ui.widget"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.position","1349098098",[],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.draggable","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.mouse","jquery.ui.widget"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.droppable","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core",
"jquery.ui.mouse","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.draggable"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.resizable","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.mouse"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.selectable","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.mouse"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.sortable","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.mouse"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.accordion","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.autocomplete","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.position"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.button","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.datepicker","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.dialog","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.button","jquery.ui.draggable","jquery.ui.mouse","jquery.ui.position","jquery.ui.resizable"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.progressbar","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget"]
,"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.slider","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget","jquery.ui.mouse"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.ui.tabs","1349098098",["jquery.ui.core","jquery.ui.widget"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.core","1349098098",["jquery"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.blind","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.bounce","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.clip","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.drop","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.explode","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.fade","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.fold","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.highlight","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.pulsate","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.scale","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],
"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.shake","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.slide","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["jquery.effects.transfer","1349098098",["jquery.effects.core"],"jquery.ui"],["mediawiki","1349098098"],["mediawiki.api","1349098098",["mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.api.category","1349098098",["mediawiki.api","mediawiki.Title"]],["mediawiki.api.edit","1349098098",["mediawiki.api","mediawiki.Title"]],["mediawiki.api.parse","1349098098",["mediawiki.api"]],["mediawiki.api.titleblacklist","1349098098",["mediawiki.api","mediawiki.Title"]],["mediawiki.api.watch","1349098098",["mediawiki.api","user.tokens"]],["mediawiki.debug","1349098098",["jquery.footHovzer"]],["mediawiki.debug.init","1349098098",["mediawiki.debug"]],["mediawiki.feedback","1349374119",["mediawiki.api.edit","mediawiki.Title","mediawiki.jqueryMsg","jquery.ui.dialog"]],["mediawiki.htmlform","1349098098"],["mediawiki.notification","1349098098",["mediawiki.page.startup"
]],["mediawiki.notify","1349098098"],["mediawiki.searchSuggest","1349836882",["jquery.autoEllipsis","jquery.client","jquery.placeholder","jquery.suggestions"]],["mediawiki.Title","1349098098",["mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.Uri","1349098098"],["mediawiki.user","1349098098",["jquery.cookie","mediawiki.api","user.options","user.tokens"]],["mediawiki.util","1349836947",["jquery.client","jquery.cookie","jquery.mwExtension","mediawiki.notify"]],["mediawiki.action.edit","1349098098",["jquery.textSelection","jquery.byteLimit"]],["mediawiki.action.edit.preview","1349098098",["jquery.form","jquery.spinner"]],["mediawiki.action.history","1349098098",[],"mediawiki.action.history"],["mediawiki.action.history.diff","1349098098",[],"mediawiki.action.history"],["mediawiki.action.view.dblClickEdit","1349098098",["mediawiki.util","mediawiki.page.startup"]],["mediawiki.action.view.metadata","1349837028"],["mediawiki.action.view.rightClickEdit","1349098098"],["mediawiki.action.watch.ajax","1347062400",[
"mediawiki.page.watch.ajax"]],["mediawiki.language","1349098098",["mediawiki.language.data","mediawiki.cldr"]],["mediawiki.cldr","1349098098",["mediawiki.libs.pluralruleparser"]],["mediawiki.libs.pluralruleparser","1349098098"],["mediawiki.language.init","1349098098"],["mediawiki.jqueryMsg","1349098098",["mediawiki.util","mediawiki.language"]],["mediawiki.libs.jpegmeta","1349098098"],["mediawiki.page.ready","1349098098",["jquery.checkboxShiftClick","jquery.makeCollapsible","jquery.placeholder","jquery.mw-jump","mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.page.startup","1349098098",["jquery.client","mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.page.watch.ajax","1349836882",["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.api.watch","mediawiki.util","mediawiki.notify","jquery.mwExtension"]],["mediawiki.special","1349098098"],["mediawiki.special.block","1349098098",["mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.special.changeemail","1349861634",["mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.special.changeslist","1349098098",["jquery.makeCollapsible"]],[
"mediawiki.special.movePage","1349098098",["jquery.byteLimit"]],["mediawiki.special.preferences","1349098098"],["mediawiki.special.recentchanges","1349098098",["mediawiki.special"]],["mediawiki.special.search","1349836950"],["mediawiki.special.undelete","1349098098"],["mediawiki.special.upload","1349098098",["mediawiki.libs.jpegmeta","mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.special.javaScriptTest","1349098098",["jquery.qunit"]],["mediawiki.tests.qunit.testrunner","1349098098",["jquery.qunit","jquery.qunit.completenessTest","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready"]],["mediawiki.legacy.ajax","1349098098",["mediawiki.util","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits"]],["mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint","1349098098"],["mediawiki.legacy.config","1349098098",["mediawiki.legacy.wikibits"]],["mediawiki.legacy.IEFixes","1349098098",["mediawiki.legacy.wikibits"]],["mediawiki.legacy.protect","1349098098",["mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","jquery.byteLimit"]],["mediawiki.legacy.shared","1349098098"],[
"mediawiki.legacy.oldshared","1349098098"],["mediawiki.legacy.upload","1349098098",["mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","1349098098",["mediawiki.util"]],["mediawiki.legacy.wikiprintable","1349098098"],["ext.gadget.colorcats","1347062400"],["ext.gadget.background-awesomeness","1347062400"],["ext.gadget.subject-pages","1347062400"],["ext.gadget.extlinks","1347062400",["mediawiki.util"]],["ext.gadget.navpop","1347062400"],["ext.gadget.Twinklerevert","1347062400",["mediawiki.util","jquery.ui.dialog","jquery.tipsy"]],["ext.gadget.twinklespeedy","1347062400",["mediawiki.util","jquery.ui.dialog","jquery.tipsy"]],["ext.gadget.twinklewarn","1347062400",["mediawiki.util","jquery.ui.dialog","jquery.tipsy"]],["ext.gadget.Twinkleunlink","1347062400",["mediawiki.util","jquery.ui.dialog","jquery.tipsy"]],["ext.gadget.purge","1347062400",["mediawiki.util"]],["ext.gadget.bottomtabs","1347062400"],["ext.gadget.twinkledelimages","1347062400"],[
"mobile.device.default","1349820291"],["mobile.device.webkit","1349820291"],["mobile.device.android","1349820291"],["mobile.device.iphone","1349820291"],["mobile.device.iphone2","1349820291"],["mobile.device.palm_pre","1349820291"],["mobile.device.kindle","1349820291"],["mobile.device.blackberry","1349820291"],["mobile.device.simple","1349820291"],["mobile.device.psp","1349820291"],["mobile.device.wii","1349820291"],["mobile.device.operamini","1349820291"],["mobile.device.operamobile","1349820291"],["mobile.device.nokia","1349820291"],["ext.wikihiero","1349098416"],["ext.wikihiero.Special","1349098416",["jquery.spinner"]],["ext.cite","1349098151",["jquery.tooltip"]],["jquery.tooltip","1349098151"],["ext.specialcite","1349098151"],["ext.geshi.local","1347062400"],["ext.flaggedRevs.basic","1349098212"],["ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","1349836882",["mediawiki.util"]],["ext.flaggedRevs.review","1349836882",["mediawiki.util"]],["ext.categoryTree","1349837091"],["ext.categoryTree.css",
"1349098132"],["ext.quiz","1349098281"],["ext.nuke","1349098257"],["ext.centralauth","1349098142"],["ext.centralauth.noflash","1349098142"],["ext.centralauth.globalusers","1349098142"],["ext.centralNotice.interface","1349098145",["jquery.ui.datepicker"]],["ext.centralNotice.bannerStats","1349098145"],["ext.centralNotice.bannerController","1349098145"],["ext.collection.jquery.jstorage","1349098163",["jquery.json"]],["ext.collection.suggest","1349098163",["ext.collection.bookcreator"]],["ext.collection","1349098163",["ext.collection.bookcreator","jquery.ui.sortable"]],["ext.collection.bookcreator","1349098163",["ext.collection.jquery.jstorage"]],["ext.collection.checkLoadFromLocalStorage","1349098163",["ext.collection.jquery.jstorage"]],["ext.abuseFilter","1349098110"],["ext.abuseFilter.edit","1349098110",["jquery.textSelection","jquery.spinner"]],["ext.abuseFilter.tools","1349098110",["jquery.spinner"]],["ext.abuseFilter.examine","1349098110"],["ext.vector.collapsibleNav","1349837007",[
"mediawiki.util","jquery.client","jquery.cookie","jquery.tabIndex"],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.collapsibleTabs","1349098348",["jquery.collapsibleTabs","jquery.delayedBind"],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.editWarning","1349837007",[],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.expandableSearch","1349098348",["jquery.client","jquery.expandableField","jquery.delayedBind"],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.footerCleanup","1349098348",["mediawiki.jqueryMsg","jquery.cookie"],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.sectionEditLinks","1349098348",["jquery.cookie","jquery.clickTracking"],"ext.vector"],["ext.vector.simpleSearch","1349837007",["jquery.autoEllipsis","jquery.client","jquery.placeholder","jquery.suggestions"],"ext.vector"],["contentCollector","1349098388",[],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor","1349837204",["jquery.client","jquery.textSelection","jquery.delayedBind"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.iframe","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","contentCollector"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs",
"1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar","jquery.ui.dialog","jquery.ui.button","jquery.ui.draggable","jquery.ui.resizable","jquery.tabIndex"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs.config","1349837204",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.i18n","jquery.suggestions","mediawiki.Title"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.highlight","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.iframe"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.preview","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.previewDialog","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.publish","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.templateEditor","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.iframe","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.templates","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor",
"jquery.wikiEditor.iframe"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.toc","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.iframe","jquery.ui.draggable","jquery.ui.resizable","jquery.autoEllipsis","jquery.color"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.i18n"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.config","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.i18n","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar","jquery.cookie","jquery.async"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.i18n","1347062400",[],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor","1349098388",["jquery.wikiEditor"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.dialogs","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","ext.wikiEditor.toolbar","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs","jquery.wikiEditor.dialogs.config"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.highlight","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.highlight"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.preview","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor",
"jquery.wikiEditor.preview"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.previewDialog","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.previewDialog"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.publish","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.publish"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.templateEditor","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","ext.wikiEditor.highlight","jquery.wikiEditor.templateEditor"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.templates","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","ext.wikiEditor.highlight","jquery.wikiEditor.templates"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.toc","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","ext.wikiEditor.highlight","jquery.wikiEditor.toc"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.tests.toolbar","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor.toolbar"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.toolbar","1349098388",["ext.wikiEditor","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar","jquery.wikiEditor.toolbar.config"],"ext.wikiEditor"],["ext.wikiEditor.toolbar.hideSig","1349098388",[],"ext.wikiEditor"],["mobile","1349820291"],[
"mobile.beta.jquery","1349820291"],["mobile.beta.jquery.eventlog","1347062400"],["mobile.beta","1349820291"],["mobile.filePage","1349820291"],["mobile.references","1349820291"],["mobile.site","1347062400",[],"site"],["mobile.desktop","1349225592",["jquery.cookie"]],["ext.math.mathjax","1349098242",[],"ext.math.mathjax"],["ext.math.mathjax.enabler","1349098242"],["ext.babel","1349098130"],["ext.apiSandbox","1349098115",["mediawiki.util","jquery.ui.button"]],["ext.interwiki.specialpage","1349098226",["jquery.makeCollapsible"]],["ext.checkUser","1349098149",["mediawiki.util"]]]);mw.config.set({"wgLoadScript":"//bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikibooks.org/load.php","debug":false,"skin":"vector","stylepath":"//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf1/skins","wgUrlProtocols":"http\\:\\/\\/|https\\:\\/\\/|ftp\\:\\/\\/|irc\\:\\/\\/|ircs\\:\\/\\/|gopher\\:\\/\\/|telnet\\:\\/\\/|nntp\\:\\/\\/|worldwind\\:\\/\\/|mailto\\:|news\\:|svn\\:\\/\\/|git\\:\\/\\/|mms\\:\\/\\/|\\/\\/","wgArticlePath":"/wiki/$1",
"wgScriptPath":"/w","wgScriptExtension":".php","wgScript":"/w/index.php","wgVariantArticlePath":false,"wgActionPaths":{},"wgServer":"//en.wikibooks.org","wgUserLanguage":"en","wgContentLanguage":"en","wgVersion":"1.21wmf1","wgEnableAPI":true,"wgEnableWriteAPI":true,"wgMainPageTitle":"Main Page","wgFormattedNamespaces":{"-2":"Media","-1":"Special","0":"","1":"Talk","2":"User","3":"User talk","4":"Wikibooks","5":"Wikibooks talk","6":"File","7":"File talk","8":"MediaWiki","9":"MediaWiki talk","10":"Template","11":"Template talk","12":"Help","13":"Help talk","14":"Category","15":"Category talk","102":"Cookbook","103":"Cookbook talk","108":"Transwiki","109":"Transwiki talk","110":"Wikijunior","111":"Wikijunior talk","112":"Subject","113":"Subject talk"},"wgNamespaceIds":{"media":-2,"special":-1,"":0,"talk":1,"user":2,"user_talk":3,"wikibooks":4,"wikibooks_talk":5,"file":6,"file_talk":7,"mediawiki":8,"mediawiki_talk":9,"template":10,"template_talk":11,"help":12,"help_talk":13,"category":14,
"category_talk":15,"cookbook":102,"cookbook_talk":103,"transwiki":108,"transwiki_talk":109,"wikijunior":110,"wikijunior_talk":111,"subject":112,"subject_talk":113,"wb":4,"wj":110,"cat":14,"cook":102,"sub":112,"image":6,"image_talk":7,"project":4,"project_talk":5},"wgSiteName":"Wikibooks","wgFileExtensions":["png","gif","jpg","jpeg","xcf","pdf","mid","ogg","ogv","svg","djvu","tiff","tif","oga"],"wgDBname":"enwikibooks","wgFileCanRotate":true,"wgAvailableSkins":{"chick":"Chick","cologneblue":"CologneBlue","modern":"Modern","monobook":"MonoBook","myskin":"MySkin","nostalgia":"Nostalgia","simple":"Simple","standard":"Standard","vector":"Vector"},"wgExtensionAssetsPath":"//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf1/extensions","wgCookiePrefix":"enwikibooks","wgResourceLoaderMaxQueryLength":-1,"wgCaseSensitiveNamespaces":[],"wgCollectionVersion":"1.6.1","wgCollapsibleNavBucketTest":false,"wgCollapsibleNavForceNewVersion":false,"wgWikiEditorToolbarClickTracking":false,"wgWikiEditorMagicWords":{
"redirect":"#REDIRECT","img_right":"right","img_left":"left","img_none":"none","img_center":"center","img_thumbnail":"thumbnail","img_framed":"framed","img_frameless":"frameless"},"wgNoticeFundraisingUrl":"https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:LandingCheck","wgCentralPagePath":"//meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php","wgNoticeBannerListLoader":"Special:BannerListLoader","wgCookiePath":"/","wgMFStopRedirectCookieHost":".wikibooks.org"});};if(isCompatible()){document.write("\x3cscript src=\"//bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikibooks.org/load.php?debug=false\x26amp;lang=en\x26amp;modules=jquery%2Cmediawiki\x26amp;only=scripts\x26amp;skin=vector\x26amp;version=20121009T222646Z\"\x3e\x3c/script\x3e");}delete isCompatible;;

/* cache key: enwikibooks:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:3e5c8383a3cca7ff1faa35b5f972183e */