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Subject Index

 

(Page numbers refer to those of the hardcover book.)


10-20 system 258, 259
accommodation 41, 64, 93, 367
acetylcholine, ACh 107-111, 415

receptor 78, 103
-sensitive channel 99
action
current 39, 41
impulse 39, 41, 62, 66, 73, 75, 77, 91, 107, 113, 121, 124, 171, 179, 320, 370
potential 38, 39, 41, 42, 62, 66, 71, 74, 107, 108, 112, 113, 121, 122, 129, 152-155, 190, 257, 258, 281, 365, 396
activating function 368, 369, 460
adaptive method 423, 424
afferent
fiber 116, 117
impulse 109
neuron 109, 112, 113
pathway 109, 117
signal 10, 34, 117
stimulus 108
all-or-nothing law 21, 38, 39
amacrine cell 443
amber 11
amino acid 102
Ampere's law 455
analog
behavior 67
computer
form 109
physical 172
animal electricity 15, 17
animal spirits 11
anisotropic
bidomain 162, 165, 168
brain tissue 140
conducting medium 161
model 143
muscle tissue 140, 316
anode break 83, 91, 93
excitation 91
aorta 112, 119-121, 406, 412, 413
apex
-cardiogram 19
of the equilateral triangle 193, 194
of the heart 281, 389, 398
Aplysia neuron 97
aqueous
channel 79, 103
humor 438, 444
arrhythmia 323, 326, 328, 388, 393
artificial intelligence 170
Ascaris 97
atmospheric electricity 13, 14
atrial pacing 16, 387
atrioventricular, AV
block 328, 329
junction 281, 323, 331, 338, 386, 396
node 122-125, 281, 324, 326, 386
audition 10
autonomic nervous system 37, 109, 428
Avogadro's number 45
axon 23, 33, 34, 36, 38, 62, 103, 112, 113, 364
active behavior of 66-73, 76, 77, 85-87, 90-93
brain cell 114, 116, 117
bundle of 163
cable model of 169
conduction of nerve impulse in 42-43
electric properties of 366
electronic model of 171, 173, 179
hillock 42
ionic channels of 97, 99
nerve 108
squid 48-50, 53, 55-60, 101, 108
stimulation of 363, 368
subthreshold response of 44
azimuth 315, 317, 343, 452, 453
 
barrier layer 429, 430
beta cells 94
bidomain 7, 9, 131, 159-162, 164, 165, 167, 168, 389
bimetallic
arch 14, 15
junction 12
bioelectricity 4-6, 9, 12, 14, 149, 185, 207, 255, 428
bioengineering 3, 4, 29
biophysics 3, 4, 29, 43
biotechnology 3
bipolar cell 439, 443
body cell mass 417
bradycardia 323, 386
brain stem 116
breakthrough 281, 391
Brody effect 243, 314-316, 355
bulk impedance 166
bundle
-branch 330, 389
of His 123-125, 328
of Kent 331
bundle-branch block 321, 328-330
left LBBB 330
right RBBB 330
Burger triangle 193-195, 197
 
cable model 56, 169
caloric consumption 417
capillary electrometer 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 277
cardiac
contractility 417
defibrillation 6, 16, 363, 383, 388, 393, 396-398, 400
output 386, 388, 389, 405, 412, 414-416, 418
pacing 6, 9, 16, 383, 385
cardiomyopathy 334
cardiorespiratory resuscitation 15
cardioversion 388
carditis 321
carotenoid chromophore 439
Cartesian coordinates 137
catfish 11
cathode ray
oscilloscope 21
tube 19, 21, 24, 292, 293
cell-attached configuration 95, 96
cerebellum 115
cerebrospinal fluid 115, 140
cerebrum 114, 115
characteristic length 59
chloroform 15, 16, 28
chord conductance model 75
choroid 438
chromaffin cell 96
chronaxy 40, 41, 64, 65
ciliary ganglion 96, 116
circus movement 326, 394, 396
cis-trans isomerization 439
cochlea 27, 112
Cole-Cole plot 407, 408
common mode rejection ratio, CMRR 285
conduction
current 45, 134, 136, 235, 456, 458
velocity 23, 42, 43, 180, 323, 394, 396
cone 21, 444, 446
conservation of charge 456
continuum 159, 160, 162, 164, 186, 220
convection current 456
cor pulmonale 323
corneum 428-431, 433
coronary
angiography 321
artery 320, 334
artery disease 393
corpus callosum 115
cortex 15, 16, 25, 27, 109, 114-117, 274, 359, 375, 380, 439
Coulomb's law 456
critical mass hypothesis 397
cross method 421-423
CT scanning 403
curare 111
curl 228, 234, 235, 244, 425, 457, 458, 460
current field 160
in impedance measurement 421, 425, 426
reciprocal 206, 212, 213, 221, 234, 235, 240, 242, 406
stimulating 379
cytoplasmic bridge 96
 
defibrillator 328, 383, 400, 401
back electrode 414
implantable 388, 393, 400
dendrite 108
depolarization 90, 91, 99, 101, 108, 111-113, 156, 172, 354, 363, 367, 369, 379, 389, 390, 397, 439
atrial 284, 324
cardiac 121, 125, 127, 320, 323
front 278, 279, 281
initial 93
in voltage clamp 78-85
localized 258
of double layer 188
of ductal membrane 432
of membrane 49
time constant 42
transthreshold 108
ventricular 284, 328
wave 126, 128, 129
zone 127
dermis 429, 432
desquamating cells 429
diagnostic performance 247, 309, 310, 356-359
diamagnetic (tissue) 405
diaphragm 119, 120
diathermy 6, 16, 361
diencephalon 115
differential magnetometer 240, 253
diffusion 44, 46, 49, 50, 55, 56, 76, 430, 433
digestive tract 37
digital
behavior 109
computer 170, 440
digitalis 321
dimensional 4
multi 4
one- 48, 59, 151, 162, 164, 166, 398
      problem 59, 162, 164
three- 10, 133, 164-166, 187, 190, 191, 194, 211, 220, 233, 260, 398, 421, 425, 444
      problem 164, 260
two- 4, 19, 59, 103, 193, 200, 202, 211, 215, 277, 292, 293, 444, 445
      problem 59
dipole 102, 127-129, 137-140, 148-151, 185, 188, 190-204, 206-209, 211-225, 233, 243, 244, 258, 277, 278, 281, 286, 288-290, 292, 296, 307-311, 313, 314, 321, 358, 437
activation 129
axial 152, 154
current 124, 208, 211, 212, 233
density 135, 153-155, 158, 186, 209, 459
distribution 102, 188, 224
element 102, 135, 153, 204, 215, 216
equivalent 24, 27, 211-223
layer source 127
line 157
location 223
lumped 154, 216
magnetic 234-236, 243, 246, 336-344
model 25
moment 134, 135, 149, 156, 185, 186, 190, 204, 211-218, 221, 222, 224, 225, 233-240, 242, 243, 246, 247, 250, 252, 253, 299-302, 304, 339, 340, 343, 344
moving 137, 139 224, 307, 311, 440
multiple 137, 139, 146, 224, 225, 307, 308, 310, 311
normal 304
recovery 129
sheet 154
single 144
source 139, 145, 153, 154, 156
tangential 304, 314, 315
two-dimensional 193, 277
unit 190, 193
Dirac delta 165, 166, 211
direct current, DC 13, 14
directional derivative 45, 150
dissimilar metals 11, 12, 15
distillation flask 21
Donnan equilibrium 51, 52
dorsal
horn 116
root 114
double cube 293
double layer 134, 154, 156, 157, 224, 258, 280, 307, 373
cardiac 127-129
current 208
inhomogeneous 185, 186
of epithelial cell 429
source 23
uniform 187-189, 321, 445
voltage 207
duality 149, 208
dye dilution 415, 416
 
eccrine activity 430
efferent
neuron 109
pathway 109
signal 10, 109, 117
egg cell 10
Einthoven triangle 192-195, 215, 216, 278, 285, 286, 292, 293
electric and magnetic field 3-6, 8, 106, 245-247, 354, 424, 449, 455, 456, 459, 460
electric current computed tomography, ECCT 420
electric field 18, 20, 44-47, 56, 149, 158, 167, 185, 187, 228, 373, 379, 380, 390, 396, 398, 400, 424, 455, 456, 459, 460
bio 4, 9, 245
equilibrium 49
force 51, 55
of a volume source 129, 131, 134, 135,
of human brain 257, 265
of the heart 20, 188
reciprocal 212-214, 230, 231, 234-237, 240-242, 247, 260, 406
transmembrane 99, 102
electric heart vector, EHV 188, 278, 288, 290-295, 299, 315-317, 321, 322, 331, 352-355, 449
electric
impedance tomography, EIT 9, 427
machine 12-14, 24
potential 5, 27, 41, 45, 125, 135, 161, 212, 213, 230, 245, 274, 337, 338, 354, 359, 424, 435, 437, 445, 452
scalar potential 210, 211, 213, 235, 458, 459
electrifying 5
electro-oculogram, EOG 6, 9, 435, 437, 440-442, 444
electrobiology 6, 8
electrocardiogram, ECG 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 25, 29, 119, 124, 125, 128, 129, 142, 146, 155, 183, 185, 188, 194, 228, 245, 258, 275, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283-292, 307, 309-311, 313, 314, 316, 320-322, 324, 326, 328-331, 336, 337, 345, 348, 353, 355-359, 406, 409, 417, 444, 445, 449, 451, 457
electrochemical potential 44, 49
electrodermal
activity, EDA 430, 433
level, EDL 430
response, EDR 7, 9, 403, 428, 430-434
electrodiffusion model 51
electrodynamics 22, 23
electroencephalogram, EEG 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 43, 141, 146, 228, 255, 257-260, 263-266, 268, 270, 272, 417
electrogenic 55
electrolyte 11, 15, 45, 46, 56, 70, 194, 321, 373, 429
electromagnetic
connection 4, 6, 17, 22, 24, 424, 425
energy 5, 112, 361
field 9, 133, 455
flowmeter 415, 416
interdependence 22
interference 390
lead system 247
measurement of the electric impedance 424-426
method 421
phenomena 3, 4
propagation effect 136
radiation 112
stimulation 13, 14
theory 4, 9, 455
electromagnetocardiogram, EMCG 336, 357, 358
electromedical equipment 12
electromedicine 15, 29
electromyogram, EMG 6
electron 12, 20, 99, 103, 372
electron tube 20
electroneurography 6
electronystagmogram, ENG 6, 28, 29, 435, 437, 440-442
electroretinogram, ERG 6, 9, 21, 435, 437, 442, 444-446
electroscope 11, 22
electrostatic generator 13
electrosurgery 6
electrotherapy 6, 363
electrotonic 38, 113, 439, 444
elevation 108, 110, 315, 317, 452, 453
endocardium 124, 125, 129, 281
endoplasmic reticulum 34
epicardium 124, 125, 129, 281, 398
epidermis 428-430, 432, 433
epilepsy 263
equilibrium 44, 47-52, 54, 55, 70, 71, 76, 108, 109, 111, 172
potential 48, 51, 54, 55, 108
esophagus 119, 120
evoked potential 257, 259
excitatory
postsynaptic potential, EPSP 41, 107, 108, 113, 258
self- 122
synapse 108, 110
terminal 108
exocytosis 67, 108
exosomatic 430, 431
 
facilitation 41
Faraday's
constant 45, 48, 53
induction law 379
law 248, 455
Faraday-Henry law 376
faradic currents 16
Faradic era 15
fast twitch 371, 372
fat free mass 417
fatty acid 34
femoral nerve 13
ferrite 22
ferromagnetic material 5
fertilization 10
fibrillation
atrial 326, 416, 418
cardiac 16,
ventricular 328, 383, 385, 387-389, 393, 396-398
Fick principle 414
Fick's constant 46
Fick's law 46
figure eight 17, 18, 22
filium
aeneum 11
argenteum 11
first law of thermodynamics 23
first-degree 328, 386
fissure 115-117
flow source 23, 134, 152, 156-158, 210, 214, 234, 245, 247
density 134, 152, 156, 214
flutter 326
flux
current 412
ionic 44, 46, 51-53, 55, 56, 76, 99, 169
-gate magnetometer 229
line 234
magnetic 230, 247-250, 376, 405
magnetic density 379
source 212, 221
tube 238, 240, 241
forcing function 134, 365, 368, 369, 460
forward problem 133, 143, 185, 190, 215, 224, 225, 237, 321
fovea 438, 442
Frank triangle 193-196, 200
frontal 259
lobe 116, 117, 264
part of the heart 289
plane 193, 195, 200, 215, 277, 288, 292-294, 296, 303, 314, 322, 449, 451, 453
projection 195
view 202
fugu fish 73
 
Gabor-Nelson theorem 24, 27, 222, 224, 225, 301, 303
galvanic
skin response, GSR 430
stimulation 15, 24
galvanometer 17-19, 22, 24-26, 28, 207-209, 277, 292
astatic 17, 18, 22, 24-26
mirror 292
ganglion cell 439, 443, 444
gap junction 159
gas constant 46, 48
Gauss' theorem 221
gene cloning 102
general cable equation 58, 127, 169
generator voltage 112-114
geniculate body 116
germinating layer 428
giant axon (of squid) 66, 70, 85, 101
gigaseal 94-96
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation 45, 52-54
Golgi tendon organ 112
gouty arthritis 11
gradiometer 240, 252, 266, 268, 270-274, 342, 346
baseline 251-253, 266, 270, 271, 273
granular layer 428
Green's theorem 135, 210
Grishman cube 293, 304
 
habituation 41
half-cell potential 431
half-intensity volume 378
half-sensitivity volume 202, 213, 260, 267, 268, 270, 271, 378
hammer break 15
helium 22, 342, 356
Helmholtz coils 23, 240, 241
hematocrit, Hct 140, 141, 316, 411, 414, 415
hemodialysis 417
hieroglyph 11
histamine 94
Hodgkin-Huxley membrane model 39, 174
holography 26
Holter recording 287
homeostasis 10, 109
honeycomb 273
horizontal cell 439
horny layer 429
humoral release 10
hyperpolarization 83, 91-93, 108, 112, 258, 363, 367, 369, 370, 439
hyperpolarized 49, 89, 91, 367, 443
hyperthyroidism 326
hypertrophy 310, 321, 323, 332-334, 356
hypodermis 429, 432
hypophysis 115
hypothalamus 109, 112, 115
hypothesis 21, 50, 98, 103, 136, 137, 397, 398
 
image
space 198-200, 219, 285-287, 296-298
surface 24, 195, 196, 198-204, 219-221, 224, 225, 296, 298, 304, 314, 316
impedance 164, 210, 240, 277, 390, 410-418,
cardiography 7, 403, 405, 409, 413, 414, 416
electrode 167
Faradaic 373
imaging 420, 421, 425, 426
input 70, 94, 167, 200, 285, 297, 299
membrane 87, 92, 445, 457
plethysmography 403, 405-408, 412-418, 420, 421, 424
source 144,
tissue 4, 7-9, 24, 136, 166, 167, 183, 202, 205, 403
tomography 7, 9, 403, 407, 420, 421, 426, 427
tranchest 400
transfer 313
impressed current density 134, 135, 156, 214, 221, 235, 242, 244, 258, 265, 339
independence principle 51, 54
indicator dilution 415
induction coil 13-15, 22, 229, 265
infarct 188 310, 320, 321, 328, 334, 335, 355, 356, 393
inhibitory
postsynaptic potential, IPSP 41, 107, 258
synapse 110
inion 258
inner nuclear layer 440
inner plexiform layer, IPL 440
inside-out configuration 94-97
insufficiency 333, 334, 413, 415, 417
insulin 94
integral rheography 405
interbrain 115
interval
PQ- 326
QRS- 326
ST-T- 317
intrinsic
activity 38
frequency 122, 124
properties of memebrane 67, 87, 368
properties of tissue 3-7, 9, 87, 403
rate 124
ventricular beat 387
inverse problem 23, 133, 143-146, 185, 215, 224, 225, 237, 310, 320, 321, 336
ionic mobility 46
iris 116
ischemia 51, 320, 321, 328, 334, 335, 393, 396, 397
isoelectric baseline 326
iso-intensity line 378
isosensitivity
line 202, 253, 267, 378
surface 202, 213
isotropic 134, 135, 140, 156, 164-167, 187, 213, 234, 260, 389, 390
 
jurisprudence 12
junction
AV 281, 323, 331, 338, 386, 396
bimetallic 12
excitatory 175
gap 107, 111, 159, 160, 200, 399
inhibitory 175
intercellular 37, 396, 399
nerve-nerve 108
neuromuscular 36, 99, 103, 106, 107-111, 372
synaptic 175
tight 159
 
Kirchhof's law 136, 194
kite experiment 13
knee jerk reflex 109
 
late receptor potential, LRP 439, 444
latency 41, 90, 126, 178, 433, 441, 442
latitude 452
lead 12- 9, 275, 277, 286-291, 311, 313, 314, 321, 322, 337, 345, 358
augmented 285, 287
bipolar 191, 192, 216, 230, 240-242, 252, 253, 390
cardinal 277
precordial 288, 345
unipolar 191, 196, 240, 251, 252
lead field 7, 24, 201-206, 208-221, 224, 228, 234, 235, 240, 242, 245-247, 260, 263, 271, 291, 296, 299, 300, 302, 314-316, 338, 354, 406, 416, 420, 425, 426
current 205, 206, 209, 211, 213, 215, 219, 231-233, 237, 243, 244, 247-253, 260, 263, 266, 268, 314, 346, 348, 416
magnetic 228, 230, 231, 233-240, 242-245, 247, 250, 253, 265-268, 271, 338-341, 345-351, 354, 406
theory 25, 183, 203, 206, 208-210, 212, 215, 216, 225, 230, 246, 299, 321, 338, 340, 377, 406
lead system 145, 299, 305
ABC 342, 348
Akulinichev 293-296
axial 299, 305
Frank 296-298, 352, 353, 356
Nelson 302, 303, 314
SVEC III 300
symmetric unipositional 345, 348, 350, 351
unipositional 339, 342-345, 347, 348, 350, 351, 353, 356
XYZ 341, 342, 344, 348, 350
lead vector 24, 190-198, 200-204, 206, 211, 212, 215, 219, 221, 224, 225, 267, 278, 280, 290, 296-298, 304, 321, 322, 327
leading circle 396
leakage
conductance 75-77, 169, 174, 175
current 75, 76
voltage 75, 76
left bundle branch block, LBBB 389
length constant 59
lens 116, 420, 437, 438, 442, 445
Leyden jar 13, 14, 24
ligand-gating 99, 102
line dipole density 153
line source density 152
lipid 34, 36, 54, 97, 98, 103, 457
lobus
frontalis 115
occipitalis 115
parietalis 115
temporalis 115
local
circuit 42, 88, 107, 127, 129
circuit current 88
longitude 452
 
magnetic field 3-5, 8-10, 16-18, 22-24, 27, 29, 41, 243, 245, 248, 252, 272-275, 292, 342-343, 375-380, 401, 405,

424, 425, 452, 455, 456, 458-460
bio 229, 245, 246, 375
detector 17
equation of 227, 228, 265, 342
line 234, 378
of dipole 342, 343
of Earth 17, 18, 22
of frog nerve 22
of heart 336-340, 354, 356, 359
of solenoid 15
reciprocal 230, 231, 235-238, 240, 241, 247, 339, 340, 343, 344, 348, 351
source of 233
vector 344, 345
magnetic
flux 230, 234, 247-250, 376, 379, 405
heart vector, MHV 336, 337, 339-345, 353, 452
induction 234
induction flux 234
material 4, 5, 9, 10, 228
remanence 7
resonance imaging 403
scalar potential 230, 231, 234, 235
stimulation 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 25, 27, 266, 268, 361, 375-377, 379, 380, 383, 392
susceptibility 7, 9, 10
susceptibility plethysmography 403, 405
vector potential 248, 458, 459
magnetization 4-6, 9, 10, 240, 361
magneto-
-oculogram, MOG 6
biology 6, 8, 361, 383
cardiogram, MCG 6, 9, 22, 25, 119, 146, 183, 228, 229, 243, 245, 247, 336-338, 340, 341, 346, 348, 352-359, 453
encephalogram, MEG 6, 9, 22, 25, 27, 146, 228, 229, 243, 255, 265, 266, 268-270, 272-274, 358, 359, 378
hepatogram 6
myogram, MMG 6
neurography 6
nystagmogram, MNG 6
phosphenes 16, 25
pneumogram 6
retinogram, MRG 6
therapy 6
mandrel 70
mapping method 337, 338, 356, 357
Mason-Likar modification 287
mast cell 94
Maxwell's equations 4-6, 8, 424, 455-458, 461
Maxwell-Fricke equation 141
medical electronics 3, 4
medical physics 3, 4
medulla oblongata 109, 115, 117
mercury 18, 391
metabolic energy 50
micro reentrant 396
microelectrode 21, 94-96, 125, 446
micropipette 94-97
midbrain 109, 115-117
Miller-Geselowitz model 185, 224
mitral P-wave 333
mole 45, 46
molecular biology 11, 21
monocardiogram 19, 20, 292
monodomain 166-168
monopole 148-153, 157, 364-367, 369
monostable multivibrator 177
monosynaptic reflex 109
motor
cortex 16, 25, 27, 116, 375, 380
nerve 6, 11, 12, 23, 36, 371, 372
Müler's cell 444
multiple dipole 137, 139, 224, 225, 307, 310
multiplikator 17, 28
multipole 137-139, 224, 225, 308-311
muscle
impulse 17, 41, 121
spindle 112, 113
myelin sheath 34, 42, 43
myocardial contractility 417
myocarditis 321
myocardium 119, 280, 307, 310, 394, 396, 400
myograph 23
 
Na-K pump 39, 50, 51, 55
nasion 258
neighboring method 421, 422
Nernst
equation 21, 24, 44, 45, 48-50, 52-54, 71, 75, 169
potential 47, 49, 51, 55, 71, 72, 103, 109, 444, 458
nerve impulse 17, 29, 38-43, 67, 68, 85-90, 92, 112, 151, 155, 171, 258
nervous fluid 11
neural
computing 170
net 108
neurocomputer 24, 170
Neurofet 173
neuromime 172
neuromuscular
junction 36, 99, 103, 106-111, 372
stimulation 13, 14, 375
neuron 20, 34, 43, 50, 108, 109, 112-114, 116, 131, 137, 169-171, 174-180, 257, 371, 372
neurotransmitter 99, 107, 108
nitrogen 356
Nobel Prize 19, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 74, 94, 446
node of Ranvier 34, 42, 113, 114, 364
noninvasive 10, 196, 338, 389, 403, 405, 418
Norton's theorem 143
nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, NMRI 403
nucleus 34, 116
nystagmoid 441, 442
nystagmus 437, 442, 443
 
occipital 116, 117, 259, 263
octapole 137-139, 308, 311
oculomotor system 440-442
Ohm's law 45, 58, 75, 76, 136, 149, 158, 161, 186, 406
ophthalmoscope 23
opposite method 422, 424
optokinetic nystagmus 442, 443
orthogonal
electric fields 247
coils 237
components 190, 199, 200, 215, 236, 247, 290, 296, 299, 310, 339, 340
coordinates 315, 342
lead (system) 19, 199, 200, 292, 296, 298, 303, 304
lead field 218, 247, 291
magnetic field 247
measurements 339, 359
planes 288, 289
orthonormal 199, 290, 291, 298
outer nuclear layer 440
outer plexiform layer, OPL 440
outside-out configuration 94-97
 
pacemaker 16, 27, 38, 122, 321, 324, 328, 385-391, 394
pacer 328
Pacinian corpuscle 111-114
panniculus adiposus 429
parallel conductance model 75
paralysis 13
parietal 259, 264
partition coefficient 52, 53
patch 6, 11, 21, 47, 48, 51, 66, 67, 93-97, 99-103
patch-clamp 11, 99
pericarditis 321, 326
pericardium 119, 143, 316
permeability
barrier 429
infinite 230
ion 75, 432
magnetic 230, 231, 234, 248, 355, 377, 457
mechanism of 100
membrane 44, 54, 108, 109
multi-ion 51, 53
resting 55
selective 99
studies 97
to chloride 55, 71, 108
to potassium 21, 39, 55, 108, 129
to sodium 39, 53, 127
uniform 230
ratio 54
pharmaceutical 67
phonocardiogram, PCG 409, 411, 414
phosphoglyceride 34, 35
phosphoric acid 34
photopigment 444
photoreceptor 438-440, 443, 444
piecewise homogeneous 140, 265
planar gradiometer 266, 268, 270-273
plasma 67, 140, 159
plateau
phase 121, 281
stage 280
uniform 155
value 129
voltage 126
point source 127, 128, 134, 148-152, 165-167, 211, 223, 238, 365, 367, 369, 370, 460
Poisson's equation 134, 166
pons Varolii 115
positive and negative electricity 13
positron emission tomography, PET 420
postsynaptic terminal 36
presynaptic inhibition 108
presynaptic terminal 36, 37, 108
primary source 136, 228, 258
principle of superposition 23, 190, 204, 207, 214
propagation
direction of 127-129
electromagnetic 136
initiation of 87
in electronic neuron model 169, 171, 179, 180
of activation 279, 280, 281, 310
of cardiac activation 123-125 127-129, 154, 282, 393, 394, 396
of impulse 37, 66, 112,
time 394
velocity 67, 68, 87, 154, 320, 386
protein 34, 98, 99, 102, 103
proximity effect 253, 305, 345, 348, 352, 359
psychophysiology 403, 430, 432, 434
pulmonary
artery 119, 413
circulation 119, 412
pulse
action 90, 91, 104, 106-108, 111-113, 173-180, 438, 439, 443, 444, 457
cardiac 15
cardiac activation 123, 129, 154, 323
cardiac stimulus 386-391
carotid 411
-code modulated 109
current 63, 66, 69
defibrillator 328, 398, 400
frequency 122
-frequency modulation 440
magnetic stimulus 379
membrane action 173
of suction 95, 96
rate 323
reduction 439
simulated action 172
stimulus 40, 41, 90, 91, 366, 367, 372, 373, 379
pupil 21, 116
 
QRS-complex 317, 318, 323, 326, 328
quadrupole 137-139, 145, 308, 309, 311
quasistatic 45, 134, 136, 445, 456-461
quasistationarity 407
Queen Square System 259
quinidine 321
 
rabbit 96, 395, 396
radiofrequency current 13, 14
random reentry 396
rate modulation 388
receptor
auditory 117
baro 388
extro 112
intro 112
photo 116
potential 444
      early 437
tactile 117
touch 116
voltage 112, 113
reciprocal
current field 212
electric field 212, 213, 230, 231, 235, 236, 240
magnetic field 230, 231, 233, 235-238, 240, 241, 339, 340, 343, 344, 348, 351
reciprocally reciprocal 219, 244
reciprocity 4, 5, 7, 8, 23-25, 183, 204-207, 210-212, 219, 221, 230, 244, 361, 377, 421, 426
reentrant
activation front 326
arrhythmia 393
atrial pathway 326
circuit 396
reflex arc 21, 106, 109
refractory
absolute 41, 179, 393
period 74, 90, 92, 93, 111, 179, 394-396 recovery 178
relative 41, 90, 179, 397, 398
regional ischemia 396
repetitive excitation 178, 179
respiratory arrest 15
resting voltage 38, 44, 50, 51, 53, 55, 58, 63, 66, 85, 89, 172, 257, 460
retina 9, 16, 21, 23, 112, 375, 435, 437, 438, 440, 443-445
retinal pigment epithelium, RPE 438, 440, 444
return current 134
reversal voltage 54, 109-111
rheobase 40, 41, 64
rheobasic current 40, 63, 64
rhythm
alpha 22, 265
idioventricular 326
junctional 326
ring source 152
rod 302, 444
 
saccadic response 440, 441
saltatory conduction 42
scalar
display 290, 292
electrocardiogram 291
electric field 45, 210
electric potential 134, 149, 210, 211, 235
electric potential field 148, 161, 213, 230, 245, 359, 458-460
function 134, 135, 166
lead 194
magnetic potential field 230, 231, 234, 235, 245
vectorcardiography 290
scalpel 13
sclera 438, 445
second-degree 328, 386
secondary source 136, 187, 209, 225, 228, 265, 365
selective permeability 44, 99
self-centering effect 337, 339
semiconductor 20, 180
sensitivity 219, 229, 238, 240, 249, 250, 253, 277, 291, 314, 315, 321, 348-350, 352, 354, 359, 361, 421-423
diagnostic 310
distribution 4, 7, 8, 23, 24, 144, 145, 183, 202, 204, 205, 209-211, 215, 216, 228, 233, 235, 237, 240, 247, 250, 266-268, 270-272, 305, 338, 346-350, 357, 361, 377, 378, 406, 425, 426
lead 145, 201, 209, 210
measurement 8
of biomagnetic measurements 22
of capillary electrometer 18
of EEG leads 260, 263
of face and tongue 117
of magnetic lead 243, 247
of MEG leads 266-270, 354, 356
of transmission 439
relative 243
spatial 305
to electric lead 242
to electric dipoles 244
to excitatory inputs 177
to noise 146
to stimulus 175
total 243, 305
septum 119, 124, 125, 197, 281
sheatfish 11
sick sinus syndrome 386, 388
single-coil magnetometer 248-251, 253, 266-268, 346
sinus node, SA node 122, 124, 125, 281, 323, 324, 383, 385, 394, 396
skeletal muscle 36, 37, 64, 109, 119, 121, 122, 140, 201, 304, 316, 371, 408
skin conductance level, SCL 430, 431
skin conductance response, SCR 430-434
skin potential level, SPL 430
skin potential response, SPR 430, 431, 433
skin response 428, 430
slow recovery 371, 431
slow twitch 371, 372
smooth muscle 36, 37, 64, 109, 121, 123
solenoid 15, 16, 22, 230
solid angle theorem 23, 185, 187, 188, 224, 225, 321, 335
soma 33, 42, 97
space clamp 68, 69, 77, 85, 89, 94, 97
space constant 59, 61, 162, 166, 380, 390, 460
specificity 310
sperm 10
spherical harmonic multipole 138
spinal cord 14, 27, 97, 109, 114-117
spinothalamic tract 116
spontaneous activity 257
squid axon 48, 50, 53, 55 62, 66, 70, 73, 74, 85, 86, 90, 93, 97, 99, 101, 103, 179, 180
SQUID, Superconducting QUantum Interference Device 22, 24, 25, 229, 265, 340, 342, 355, 356, 405, 425
static electricity 12-14, 24
stationary case 58
stenosis
aortic 323, 332
mitral 333
pulmonary 334
stereovectorelectrocardiography 300
sternum 119, 120, 140, 286, 300, 409
stimulation
anodal 370
cathodal 367, 369, 370
cholinergic 429
coil 378
constant current 169
current 176
electric 3-9, 11-14, 24, 29, 58, 59, 61, 205, 361, 363, 370-373, 375, 379, 380, 383, 385, 460
electrode 76
energy 183, 209, 378
excitatory 38
faradic 15
functional electric , FES 24, 361, 363, 371-373, 385
galvanic 14, 24
light 437, 446
magnetic 3-6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 25, 266, 268, 361, 375-377, 379, 380, 392, 393, 460
of brain 374
of heart 383, 385-389, 392, 393, 396
of muscle 371, 372
of nerve 363, 371, 372, 374
of retina 375
of unmyelinated axon 368
roundabout 372
space-clamp 64
sympathetic 428
therapeutic 13
transcranial 375, 376, 380
transcutaneous 374
with current step 58, 169
within the cochlea 27
Stokes-Adams syndrome 386-388
stratum corneum 428, 430
stratum lucidum 428
strength-duration curve 40, 63, 64, 178, 367
striated muscle 36-38, 162, 385, 386
string galvanometer 19, 24, 277
stroke volume 332, 403, 405, 410, 411, 413, 414, 416, 417
sulphur 12, 13
sulphuric acid 18
summation
spatial 108, 113, 372
temporal 108, 178, 371
superficial fascia 429
superposition 23, 24, 54, 149, 158, 167, 190, 191, 196, 204, 206-208, 214, 445, 446
supraventricular 321, 323, 324, 326
surface source density 136
surgical diathermy 6, 361
suspension 17, 18, 22, 141
sympathetic nervous system 429
synapse 9, 21, 36, 37, 106-110, 116, 117, 439
synaptic
cleft 36, 37, 107
gap 107, 108
knob 108
potential 38
vesicle 37
syncytial structure 385
syncytium 280, 385, 386
systemic circulation 119, 121, 333
 
tachycardia 323, 326-328, 338, 387-389, 394-396
tactile sensation 10
Taylor series 45, 150, 211
tetraethylammonium, TEA 73, 74
tetralogy of Fallot 417
tetrodotoxin, TTX 73, 74, 99 111
theology 12
thermodilution 416
Thevenin equivalent 144
Thevenin network 144
Thevenin's theorem 111, 143
third-degree block 328, 329, 386
thoracotomy 387, 389
threshold 31, 38-42, 62-64, 66, 88, 90-93, 104, 108, 111-113, 178, 364, 366-370, 380, 389-391, 396, 400
thyristor 376, 377
time
PP- 323
PQ- 331
tissue impedance 9, 24, 136, 166, 167, 202, 390, 403, 405, 407, 408
torpedo fish 11
total body water 417
trachea 37
transfer rate coefficient 78, 82, 104
transistor 16, 20, 175
transverse tubular system, TTS 37
triad 439
tripole 153, 157
trivial case 139, 140
Turing test 170
twitch response 371
ultrasound imaging 420
unipolar
electrode 214, 259, 390
lead 191, 192, 216, 217, 237, 239, 240, 243, 250-253, 285
lead vector 196
magnetometer 248, 249, 251
measurement 216, 238, 260, 274, 339, 340, 342, 345-349, 359
potential 216, 284
stimulation current 373, 390
upper limit of vulnerability 398
uterus 37, 121, 123
 
valence 45, 46, 48, 53, 54
valve
aortic 119, 121, 333, 334, 413, 417
mitral 119, 121, 333, 334, 413, 417
pulmonary 119, 121, 333, 334
tricuspid 119, 121, 390, 413
vascular tone 417
vector
QRS- 330
T- 317
vector Helmholtz equation 459
vectorcardiogram, VCG 9, 19, 20, 29, 290-296, 299-305, 311, 313, 318, 322, 358
vectorelectrocardiogram, VECG 290, 337, 356
vectormagnetocardiogram, VMCG 290, 356, 357
vena cava 119, 122, 412, 413
ventral horn 117
ventricular fibrillation 16, 328, 389, 393, 396, 397
vestibular
nystagmus 442, 443
system 437, 442
viscosity 46
vision 10, 21, 106, 112, 116, 117, 420, 439, 446
visual system 26, 437, 446
vitreous humor 438, 446
voltage clamp 6, 48, 49, 66, 67, 69-71, 73, 74, 76-85, 94, 96-98, 101, 102, 110, 174
voltage-gated 99, 107
Voltaic pile 15, 24
volume conductor 3, 7, 9, 10, 24, 27, 131, 133-136, 139-146, 152, 155, 156, 158-160, 167, 183, 185, 187, 190-193, 195, 196, 198-204, 206, 207, 209-214, 216, 218-222, 224, 225, 227, 228, 230, 231, 234-237, 240, 242-253, 255, 265-268, 275, 277, 278, 280, 284, 286, 288, 289, 291, 292, 296, 304, 309-311, 313, 321, 335, 337-339, 375, 406, 408, 420-426, 437, 439, 444, 445, 456-458, 460
volume dipole
density 135, 153, 157, 209, 459
moment density 134, 156
volume source 7, 9, 24, 27, 131, 133-137, 139, 152-154, 156-158, 202, 203, 206, 209, 213-222, 224, 225, 227, 228, 230, 231, 234-243, 246, 247, 253, 257, 258, 265, 267, 299-302, 308, 310, 311, 339, 340, 406
density 136, 152-154, 156
vortex source 23, 234, 245, 247
vulnerable period 385, 387
 
wave
activation 122, 154, 307, 389
a- 444, 446
alpha 263, 264
b- 444, 446
beta 263
brain 179
c- 444, 446
delta (ECG) 331
delta (EEG) 263, 264
depolarization 126, 128, 281
P- 245, 307, 323, 324, 326, 328, 331, 333
plane 125
R- 330, 331, 334, 387, 417
repolarization 128
S- 330, 334
ST-T- 317
T- 284, 317, 323, 326, 335, 387
theta 263
whole cell configuration 94-96
Wilson
central terminal 284-286, 293
tetrahedron 293, 304
Wolff-Parkinson-White, WPW 321, 328, 331, 338
 
x-ray tomography 403, 420
x-rays 12, 420
Xenopus 102, 103
xiphisternal joint 409
xiphoid 294, 409
 
zero sensitivity line 233, 244, 249, 252, 253, 268, 271, 352

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